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Radiotherapy-induced secondary malignancy is a well-known occurrence. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have undergone serial computed tomography (CT) imaging, and concerns have been raised regarding radiation-induced malignancies due to frequent scanning. Accordingly, various low and ultra-low-dose CT (LDCT) thorax protocols have been developed to reduce the dose of radiation. Major governing bodies worldwide have established guidelines regarding the indications for CT scans and chest X-rays during the pandemic. We, therefore, aimed to provide facts about the effects of radiation (both diagnostic and therapeutic). Through this article, we intend to break the myths and 'mithya' (misbeliefs) regarding diagnostic radiation and its association with cancer in this COVID-19 era. For this review, we performed a search in Google using specific keywords pertaining to imaging during COVID-19 and radiation risk. We also included the names of various global governing bodies in the Google search. We included only full text articles and guidelines from authentic websites. From this review, we conclude that if we follow the recommendations of various global governing bodies and use CT scan only in cases of moderate to severe COVID-related symptoms, adhere to the principle of 'as low as reasonably achievable' for radiation protection, and use LDCT scan protocols, we can significantly reduce the mean effective radiation dose delivered and the estimated cancer risk.Copyright © 2023 Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment. All rights reserved.
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UN Women is the United Nations entity dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women. A global champion for women and girls, UN Women was established to accelerate progress on meeting their needs worldwide. UN Women supports UN Member States as they set global standards for achieving gender equality and works with governments and civil society to design laws, policies, programs, and services needed to ensure that the standards are effectively implemented and truly benefit women and girls worldwide. It works globally to make the vision of the sustainable development goals a reality for women and girls and stands behind women's equal participation in all aspects of life. This article outlines its history, structure, and major programmatic functions. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Online learning has been present since the 1960s and has risen in popularity over time. World-class universities have been using online teaching-learning methodologies to fulfill the needs of students who reside far away from academic institutions for more than a decade. Many people predicted that online education would be the way of the future, but with the arrival of COVID-19, online education was imposed upon stakeholders far sooner and more suddenly than expected. When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, educational institutions began to explore digital ways to keep students studying even when they couldn't be together in person as governments enacted legislation prohibiting large groups of people from gathering for any reason, including education. The future of such a transition looks promising. However, transitioning from one mode of education to another is not easy. Historically, when educators adopt new tools, learning still continues in the conventional manner. Based on the responses of 176 students, this paper studies the challenges of Digital transformation in the Education sector. The research is extremely beneficial in evaluating the scope of societal opposition to change. © 2022 IEEE.
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As we can see, only a select few gadgets, such as PCs and smartphones, are internet-connected in the modern world and since governments across the world instituted lockdowns to stop the spread of COVID-19, interest in home gardening has exploded. Internet of Things (IoT) and the internet have completely taken over today's world. All humans utilize the internet to fulfill basic needs. The network of actual items is known as the Internet of Things (IOT). Simply put, it refers to the process of keeping an eye on a physical machine or object. It can also refer to the interconnection of physical objects that have been implanted with electronics, sensors, software, and network connectivity. The foundation of our nation is agriculture. The main issue in agriculture is water scarcity. The water resource is not used in an effective manner, so the water is wasted. To overcome this problem, we proposed plant monitoring approach. © 2022 IEEE.
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With an increasing rate of cancers in almost all age groups and advanced screening techniques leading to an early diagnosis and longer longevity of patients with cancers, it is of utmost importance that radiologists assigned with cancer imaging should be prepared to deal with specific expected and unexpected circumstances that may arise during the lifetime of these patients. Tailored integration of preventive and curative interventions with current health plans and global escalation of efforts for timely diagnosis of cancers will pave the path for a cancer-free world. The commonly encountered circumstances in the current era, complicating cancer imaging, include coronavirus disease 2019 infection, pregnancy and lactation, immunocompromised states, bone marrow transplant, and screening of cancers in the relevant population. In this article, we discuss the imaging recommendations pertaining to cancer screening and diagnosis in the aforementioned clinical circumstances.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Measurement of e-commerce usability based on static quantities variable is state-of-the-art because of the adoption of sequential tracing of the next phase in the categorical data. An offline static model is trained. A static model is trained offline. In other words, we train the model once and then use it for a set period of time. The global COVID-19 outbreak has completely disrupted society and drastically altered daily life. The concept refers to an electronic commerce network that appears with thorough, understandable conviction, demand, and rapid confirmation as a replacement for the economic market’s "brick-and-mortar" model, which replaces how we do everything, including business strategy, and provides a better understanding with the interpretation of e-commerce features. This study was supervised to analyses usability assessments using statistical methods, as well as security assessments using online e-commerce security scanner tools, in order to investigate e-business standards that take into account the caliber of e-services in e-commerce websites across Asian nations. The method was developed to optimize complex systems based on multiple criteria. The initial (supplied) weights are used to determine the compromise ranking list and compromise solution. This paper examines the usability of e-commerce in rural areas using a new data set from the Jharkhand region. On the e-commerce websites of Jharkhand, India, usability is commonly considered in conjunction with learnability, memorability, effectiveness, engagement, efficiency, and completeness. Using a user-oriented questionnaire testing method, this survey attempts to close the gaps mentioned above. Then, across each column, divide each value by the column-wise sum that is created using their corresponding value, whichever produces a new matrix B. Finally, determine the row-wise sum of matrix B that represents the (3 X 1) matrix. Using model trees and bagging, this study addresses classification-related issues. This regression technique is useful for problems involving classification. The model is trained using secondary data from the MBTI 16 personality factors affecting personality category. Author
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Heart rate (HR) is a crucial physiological indicator of human health and can be used to detect cardiovascular disorders. The traditional HR estimation methods, such as electrocardiograms (ECG) and photoplethysmographs, require skin contact. Due to the increased risk of viral in- fection from skin contact, these approaches are avoided in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Alternatively, one can use the non-contact HR estimation technique, remote photo- plethysmography (rPPG), wherein HR is estimated from the facial videos of a person. Unfortunately, the existing rPPG methods perform poorly in the presence of facial deformations. Recently, there has been a proliferation of deep learning networks for rPPG. However, these networks require large-scale labelled data for better generalization. To alleviate these shortcomings, we propose a method ALPINE, that is, A noveL rPPG technique for Improving the remote heart rate estimatioN using contrastive lEarning. ALPINE utilizes the contrastive learning framework during training to address the issue of limited labelled data and introduces diversity in the data samples for better network generalization. Additionally, we introduce a novel hybrid loss comprising contrastive loss, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss and data fidelity loss. Our novel contrastive loss maximizes the similarity between the rPPG information from different facial regions, thereby minimizing the effect of local noise. The SNR loss improves the quality of temporal signals, and the data fidelity loss ensures that the correct rPPG signal is extracted. Our extensive experiments on publicly available datasets demonstrate that the proposed method, ALPINE outperforms the previous well-known rPPG methods. © 2023 IEEE.
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Covid 19 is a pandemic disease spread almost in the whole world. To date, no medical advancement to curb the virus. Coronavirus is an enveloped virus transmitted from the biological and non-biological surface by direct or indirect contact. Limited literature revealed that the enveloped virus can be killed by disinfectants. There are many biocidal agents used for decontamination of the virus, yet they have many issues like toxicity, killing time, activation requirement, etc. Some are specific to the inanimate surface but not used by a human being. This current situation showed an urgent need for a biocidal agent which can act on biological as well as non-biological surfaces without any potential toxicity. Moreover, it should be easy to handle, inexpensive, and safe for the environment. Hypochlorous acid is a weak acid that acts as a powerful disinfectant and shows biocidal efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms. Hypochlorous acid is simple to use, inexpensive, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and stable. The properties of HOCl can be regulated at the site of preparation and therefore, its compliance is high. Hypochlorous acid seems to be a promising agent in disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities. Due to its diverse biocidal actions, it may be used as a potent disinfectant against novel coronavirus.Copyright © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Drug Reaction, Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is an idiosyncratic drug reaction characterised by extensive skin rash, fever, lymphadenopathy and internal organ involvement. Since eosinophilia may or may not always be present, the condition is now more preferably called Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS). The authors here report a case of DRESS syndrome, secondary to Pirfenidone, an anti-fibrotic given to the patient for post COVID-19 fibrosis. The 51 years old male patient, presented with multiple pus-filled erythematous lesions, 3 months after the initiation of Pirfenidone. Laboratory results showed deranged liver and renal functioning, along with reactive Dengue Nonstructural protein 1(NS 1) antigen. He showed significant improvement in the dermatological lesions and multisystem laboratory involvement with tapering doses of steroids.
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The uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has forced nations to shut their borders and impel the lockdown. Although the pandemic has affected the nations economically and socially, the nationwide lockdown has also dramatically affected the supply and demand for feminine hygiene products. It became interesting for the researcher to investigate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown in the purchase decision, availability, and perception of women for feminine hygiene products. The study was conducted employing a quantitative approach. A self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit responses from females using a convenience sampling technique and interpret the data ordinal logistic regression method. The findings of this study indicated that within the lockdown period, females with consistent income started buying a slight high quantity of feminine hygiene products so that they can store them for an emergency;it has also been seen that they find it difficult to shop for these products from the stores as in the initial period of lockdown as these products were not put into essential item list. So shortage was noted. However, females observed these products as important products for storage;This study will assist the policymakers and private ownerships in better insight into females' attitudes toward feminine hygiene products and provide timely resources and services to the affected population during a pandemic situation.
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Rising cases of corona virus have significantly affected the Indian economy at large. Due to the corona virus outbreak, the Indian economy every day was expected to lose over the US $ 4.5 Billion. (Acuite Ratings). Due to the widespread of covid-19 cases, the Indian Government has lock down the country for quite 60 days which adversely affected commercial activities and the Indian economy. It hinders international trade which in turn stops the import-export of raw materials & hence negatively affected manufacturing at large. Despite the manufacturing sector, various other sectors were also got affected by the corona virus outbreak. The Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which are considered to be the backbone of all Indian sectors and also engaged in export activities, has also been impacted by the covid-19 pandemic. MSMEs contributed around 24.63% of GDP from service units as well as 6.11% of the GDP from manufacturing (Confederation of Indian Industry) but this pandemic restricted working and hence made a downfall in the GDP. This paper is based on descriptive analysis based on secondary data. The purpose of the research is to investigate the key areas where the pandemic made its economic influence. It is expected that this study will help design conceptual models for the researcher to overcome this pandemic. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Overmost recent five years, Industry 4.0 (I 4.0) has built upspeed and established a vibe of conversation amongpartners, increated countries as well as in emerging nations.most unmistakable justification fordevelopment of I 4.0 is its possible effect on society, economy and assembling. Thus, numerous nations have begun building plans and arrangements to embrace very good quality computerized advances. As of late, this subject has acquired consideration whenepisode of Coronavirus infection unleashed ruin acrossglobe and hugely affectedorganizations and supply chains acrossworld. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Sensing Tools and Techniques for COVID-19: Developments and Challenges in Analysis and Detection of Coronavirus helps readers understand the basic principles of sensor development. Sections give a brief overview of the physical and chemical properties of sensing tools and the basics of techniques. With recent advancements in sensing technology, various smart materials and techniques are now being employed for new purposes. In addition, biosensing devices can be tuned at the molecular level to perform better detection of COVID-19. This book covers the various approaches for the development and fabrication of biosensor systems for the analysis of the novel coronavirus. In addition, the book discusses the commercialization and standardization of biosensing technology, along with future perspectives on biosensor technologies used for the analysis and treatment of COVID-19. This book will serve as an up-to-date source of trusted information on biosensor tools and techniques for the analysis of COVID-19. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) has led to considerable hike in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease requiring immediate hospital care, maintenance of oxygen saturation level, and severe cases requiring mechanical ventilation. This opens the window of opportunity to microscopic organisms such as different species of fungus including Candida, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and Cryptococcus adding other fungi causing opportunistic invasive fungal infections (OIFIs), and other bacteria to cause concurrent infections in COVID-19-diseased patients which on occasion not promptly diagnosed and are mostly diagnosed after death, which get chance due to invasive procedures such as intubation and immunosuppressant drugs which mostly consists of corticosteroids, patient with diabetes mellitus or any other chronic disease causing immunosuppression, patient having a history of chronic obstructive airway disease, development of antibiotic resistance, and vulnerability of pulmonary tissues regarding developing colony for mycotic infections. In this review, we talk over the character of mycotic concurrent infections in aggravation of COVID-19 disease severity and focus on arising trends associated with fungal infections in coronavirus-diseased (COVID-19 diseased) cases. In addition, this review impart the view on the risky component for concurrent mycotic infections in COVID-19 diseased patients who are hospitalized and focuses the possible task of extended immunemodulatory treatments in managing concurrent mycotic infections, comprising COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, COVID-19-associated Candidiasis, and mucormycosis. This article restates the demand for prompt detection regarding presumed COVID-19-related systematic mycosis in the health-care settings which could empower fast OIFI diagnosis, treatment, and lowers the mortality rate.
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Mucormycosis or zygomycosis is a life threatening invasive fungal infection, usually seen in patients with alteration of their immune system. It is a lethal and an aggressive fungal infection caused by the fungi of the order Mucorales. The angioinvasive property of mucormycosis can lead to fatal complications such as intracranial bleed. Acute pancreatitis refers to inflammation of the pancreas which presents mainly as acute pain in the abdomen and is a potentially fatal condition. The association of mucormycosis with acute pancreatitis is rare but dangerous. This case report highlights a case of 32-year-old male patient, with no co-morbidities, who was admitted to an rural central Indian hospital with four days of abdominal pain and two days of headache. Patient appeared to be in good health prior to this event. He was ultimately diagnosed with mucormycosis of paranasal sinus with acute pancreatitis. The patient was treated with intravenous antifungals, antibiotics and fluid therapy along with other supportive measures. Patient later developed intracranial bleed five days after admission, and ultimately succumbed on day seven of admission. After an extensive review of literature it was found that this is the first article to report mucormycosis, acute pancreatitis and intracranial bleed all occurring at once in an immunocompetent male.
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The most important aspect of Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) involves the circulation of trustworthy and accurate information in the public health interest domain. Strict stringency measures such as nationwide lockdown impacted people's mental health. Hence, this study was planned to assess the knowledge, practice, and anxiety among the Indian population about the ongoing pandemic in the initial phase. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between August 1, 2020, to October 5, 2020. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale was used to determine dysfunctional anxiety. Results: Among 553 participants, 73.6% had overall good knowledge of COVID-19 with mean correct score of 6.9±1.1. Majority of participants (97%) wore mask regularly, and 93% of respondents regularly washed their hands with soap and water. Only 14 participants scored ≥9 on CAS, suggesting probable cases of dysfunctional anxiety associated with the COVID-19 crisis. Conclusion: The knowledge and practices of citizens in a nation reflect their preparedness and ability to deal with a pandemic of such proportion. Good knowledge translates to good practices and therefore reduces anxiety among the population. It is deemed necessary that people's knowledge and habits, including the mental impact, be accessed at periodic intervals to track their adaptation to pandemics over time. © 2022, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved.
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In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to restrictions in mobility and the closure of schools, people had to shift to work from home. India has the world’s second-largest pool of internet users, yet half its population lacks internet access or knowledge to use digital services. The shift to online mediums for education has exposed the stark digital divide in the education system. The digitization of education proved to be a significant challenge for students who lacked the devices, internet facility, and infrastructure to support the online mode of education or lacked the training to use these devices. These challenges raise concerns about the effectiveness of the future of education, as teachers and students find it challenging to communicate, connect, and assess meaningful learning. This study was conducted at one of the universities in India using a purposive sampling method to understand the challenges faced by the students during the online study and their satisfaction level. This paper aims to draw insight from the survey into the concerns raised by students from different backgrounds while learning from their homes and the decline in the effectiveness of education. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Face recognition has been the most successful image processing application in recent times. Most work involving image analysis uses face recognition to automate attendance management systems. Face recognition is an identification process to verify and authenticate the person using their facial features. In this study, an intelligent attendance management system is built to automate the process of attendance. Here, while entering, a person’s image will get captured. The model will detect the face;then the liveness model will verify whether there is any spoofing attack, then the masked detection model will check whether the person has worn the mask or not. In the end, face recognition will extract the facial features. If the person’s features match the database, their attendance will be marked. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face mask is mandatory for safety measures. The current face recognition system is not able to extract the features properly. The Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) model detects the face in the proposed method. Then a classification model based on the architecture of MobileNet V2 is used for liveness and mask detection. Then the FaceNet model is used for extracting the facial features. In this study, two different models for the recognition have been built, one for people with masks another one for people without masks. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.